ITI COPA (Computer Operator & Programming Assistant) – Basic Notes
Topic-Internet Concepts
1. Introduction to Internet Concepts
The Internet has become one of the most important tools in modern life. It connects millions of computers, mobile devices, and servers across the world, allowing people to communicate, share information, access services, and perform daily activities online. For ITI COPA students, understanding Internet concepts is essential because Internet usage is common in offices, industries, educational institutions, government services, and businesses.
Internet knowledge helps in tasks such as email communication, information searching, online forms, video meetings, social networking, and online services. This chapter explains the basic concepts of the Internet in a simple and practical manner.
2. Concept of Internet
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that communicate using standard communication protocols, mainly TCP/IP. It allows computers and devices from different parts of the world to exchange data and information.
Features of the Internet
Global connectivity
Fast communication
Information sharing
Supports multimedia
Available 24×7
Uses of the Internet
Email communication
Information search
Online education
E-commerce
Social networking
Video conferencing
Online banking and services
3. World Wide Web (WWW)
What is WWW?
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a service provided over the Internet that allows users to access web pages and websites using web browsers. It is a collection of interlinked documents written in HTML and accessed using HTTP/HTTPS protocol.
Important Note:
Internet and WWW are not the same. The Internet is the network, while WWW is one of the services running on it.
Components of WWW
Web Pages – Individual documents
Websites – Collection of web pages
Web Servers – Store and deliver web pages
Web Browsers – Access web pages
Advantages of WWW
Easy access to information
Multimedia support
User-friendly interface
Interactive communication
4. Web Browsers
What is a Web Browser?
A web browser is an application software used to access, retrieve, and display web pages from the Internet.
Common Web Browsers
Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox
Microsoft Edge
Internet Explorer
Safari
Opera
Functions of Web Browsers
Access websites
Display web pages
Download files
Store bookmarks
Support extensions and plugins
Parts of a Web Browser
Address bar
Back and forward buttons
Refresh button
Tabs
Menu options
5. Internet Servers
What is a Server?
A server is a powerful computer that provides services and resources to other computers (clients) over a network.
Types of Internet Servers
1. Web Server
Hosts websites
Delivers web pages to browsers
2. Mail Server
Sends and receives emails
3. File Server
Stores and shares files
4. Database Server
Stores and manages databases
Client-Server Model
Client requests service
Server responds to request
6. Search Engines
What is a Search Engine?
A search engine is a software system designed to search for information on the World Wide Web based on keywords entered by the user.
Popular Search Engines
Google
Bing
Yahoo
DuckDuckGo
How Search Engines Work
Crawling – Collects web data
Indexing – Organizes data
Searching – Finds relevant results
Advantages of Search Engines
Fast information retrieval
Access to vast knowledge
Easy to use
7. Domain Name System (DNS)
What is DNS?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that converts human-readable domain names into IP addresses so that computers can locate each other on the Internet.
Example
Domain Name: www.google.com
IP Address: 142.250.195.46
Importance of DNS
Easy to remember names
Faster Internet navigation
Essential for Internet functioning
Types of Domain Names
Top Level Domain (TLD) – .com, .org, .edu, .gov
Country Code TLD – .in, .us, .uk
Subdomain – mail.google.com
8. Email Communication
What is Email?
Email (Electronic Mail) is a method of exchanging digital messages over the Internet.
Email Components
To
From
Subject
Message body
Attachments
CC and BCC
Email Services
Gmail
Yahoo Mail
Outlook
Advantages of Email
Fast communication
Low cost
Easy file sharing
Written record
Email Protocols
SMTP – Sending emails
POP3 – Receiving emails
IMAP – Managing emails
9. Video Chatting Tools
What is Video Chatting?
Video chatting allows users to communicate using video and audio in real time over the Internet.
Popular Video Chatting Tools
Zoom
Google Meet
Microsoft Teams
Skype
WhatsApp Video Call
Uses of Video Chatting
Online meetings
Online classes
Interviews
Family communication
Advantages
Face-to-face communication
Saves travel time
Cost-effective
10. Social Networking Concepts
What is Social Networking?
Social networking refers to online platforms that allow users to connect, communicate, and share content with others.
Popular Social Networking Sites
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter (X)
LinkedIn
WhatsApp
Features of Social Networking
User profiles
Messaging
Media sharing
Groups and communities
Uses of Social Networking
Personal communication
Professional networking
Business promotion
News and information sharing
Advantages
Easy connectivity
Information sharing
Career opportunities
Disadvantages
Privacy issues
Cyberbullying
Addiction
Misinformation
11. Internet Safety and Good Practices
Use strong passwords
Avoid sharing personal information
Use antivirus software
Be cautious of phishing emails
Use secure websites (HTTPS)
12. Importance of Internet Concepts for ITI COPA Students
Essential office skill
Used in daily work
Important for CBT exams
Required for IT support jobs
Improves digital literacy
MCQ Questions (40 Questions – CBT Exam)
1. Internet is a:
A) Single computer
B) Network of networks
C) LAN
D) Server
Ans: B
2. WWW stands for:
A) World Web Window
B) World Wide Web
C) Wide World Web
D) Web World Wide
Ans: B
3. WWW is a service of:
A) LAN
B) WAN
C) Internet
D) Intranet
Ans: C
4. Which software is used to access websites?
A) Server
B) Web browser
C) Compiler
D) Antivirus
Ans: B
5. Which is NOT a web browser?
A) Chrome
B) Firefox
C) Edge
D) Google
Ans: D
6. Google is a:
A) Browser
B) Search engine
C) Server
D) Protocol
Ans: B
7. Search engines are used to:
A) Create websites
B) Send emails
C) Find information
D) Store files
Ans: C
8. DNS converts:
A) IP to MAC
B) Domain name to IP
C) URL to HTML
D) Data to signal
Ans: B
9. Example of domain name is:
A) 192.168.1.1
B) www.gmail.com
C) HTTP
D) HTML
Ans: B
10. Which is a Top Level Domain?
A) .mail
B) .google
C) .com
D) .www
Ans: C
11. Email stands for:
A) Electronic Mail
B) Easy Mail
C) External Mail
D) Express Mail
Ans: A
12. SMTP is used for:
A) Receiving email
B) Sending email
C) Storing email
D) Deleting email
Ans: B
13. POP3 is used for:
A) Sending email
B) Receiving email
C) Encrypting email
D) Printing email
Ans: B
14. IMAP allows:
A) Offline storage only
B) Managing emails on server
C) Deleting server
D) Sending spam
Ans: B
15. CC in email means:
A) Carbon Copy
B) Central Copy
C) Cloud Copy
D) Common Copy
Ans: A
16. BCC means:
A) Blind Carbon Copy
B) Backup Carbon Copy
C) Binary Carbon Copy
D) Base Copy
Ans: A
17. Video chatting requires:
A) Scanner
B) Camera and microphone
C) Printer
D) Plotter
Ans: B
18. Which is a video conferencing tool?
A) Gmail
B) Zoom
C) Google Drive
D) Chrome
Ans: B
19. Social networking is used for:
A) Programming
B) Communication and sharing
C) Data storage
D) Hardware repair
Ans: B
20. Which is a social networking site?
A) LinkedIn
B) Gmail
C) Bing
D) Yahoo Mail
Ans: A
21. Internet servers provide:
A) Hardware only
B) Services and resources
C) Power supply
D) Storage only
Ans: B
22. Web server stores:
A) Emails
B) Web pages
C) Databases only
D) Programs
Ans: B
23. Mail server handles:
A) Web pages
B) Emails
C) Files
D) Images
Ans: B
24. A website is a collection of:
A) Programs
B) Web pages
C) Emails
D) Files
Ans: B
25. HTTPS is used for:
A) Speed
B) Secure communication
C) File storage
D) Programming
Ans: B
26. Which protocol is used by WWW?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTP
D) TCP only
Ans: C
27. An IP address is:
A) Website name
B) Unique identifier of device
C) Email address
D) Password
Ans: B
28. Internet communication uses:
A) TCP/IP
B) USB
C) Bluetooth only
D) HDMI
Ans: A
29. Video conferencing saves:
A) Time and cost
B) Electricity
C) Memory
D) Storage
Ans: A
30. Social networking helps in:
A) Isolation
B) Connectivity
C) Data loss
D) Virus spread only
Ans: B
31. Which is an email service provider?
A) Gmail
B) Facebook
C) Zoom
D) Chrome
Ans: A
32. Search engines use:
A) Crawling and indexing
B) Printing
C) Formatting
D) Scanning
Ans: A
33. Domain names are easier to remember than:
A) URLs
B) IP addresses
C) Protocols
D) Emails
Ans: B
34. Example of country code domain is:
A) .com
B) .edu
C) .in
D) .org
Ans: C
35. Social media risk includes:
A) Fast access
B) Privacy issues
C) Knowledge sharing
D) Networking
Ans: B
36. Attachment in email is used to:
A) Add signature
B) Send files
C) Encrypt email
D) Delete mail
Ans: B
37. Video chat requires:
A) LAN only
B) Internet connection
C) Printer
D) Scanner
Ans: B
38. Which is NOT an Internet service?
A) Email
B) WWW
C) File sharing
D) RAM
Ans: D
39. Internet helps in:
A) Global communication
B) Hardware failure
C) Data loss
D) Isolation
Ans: A
40. Internet knowledge is important for:
A) Only students
B) Only teachers
C) IT professionals
D) Only engineers
Ans: C
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