ITI (Trade-COPA) Day- 22

ITI COPA (Computer Operator & Programming Assistant) – Basic Notes

TOPIC- INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

1. Introduction to Cloud Computing

1.1 Meaning of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a technology that allows users to store, access, manage, and process data and applications over the Internet instead of using a local computer or local server.

In simple words, cloud computing means using computer resources (like storage, software, servers, and databases) through the Internet.

Example:

  • Google Drive

  • Gmail

  • Microsoft OneDrive

  • Dropbox

  • Amazon Web Services (AWS)

1.2 Why Cloud Computing is Needed

Earlier, organizations had to:

  • Buy expensive servers

  • Maintain hardware

  • Install software manually

  • Hire IT staff for maintenance

Cloud computing removes these problems by providing on-demand services through the Internet.

1.3 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

  1. On-Demand Self-Service

    • Users can use services whenever needed.

  2. Broad Network Access

    • Accessible via Internet from anywhere.

  3. Resource Pooling

    • Resources are shared among users.

  4. Rapid Elasticity

    • Resources can be increased or decreased easily.

  5. Measured Service

    • Pay only for what you use.

2. Benefits of Cloud Services

Cloud computing provides many benefits to individuals, businesses, and organizations.

2.1 Cost Saving

  • No need to buy hardware or software

  • Reduced maintenance cost

  • Pay-as-you-use model

2.2 Scalability

  • Easy to increase or decrease resources

  • Suitable for growing businesses

2.3 Accessibility

  • Access data anytime, anywhere

  • Supports remote work

2.4 Backup and Recovery

  • Automatic data backup

  • Easy disaster recovery

2.5 Security

  • Advanced security measures

  • Data encryption and access control

2.6 Automatic Updates

  • Software updates handled by cloud provider

  • No manual installation required

2.7 Collaboration

  • Multiple users can work on same data

  • Real-time collaboration

3. Categories (Types) of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing can be categorized based on deployment models and service models.

3.1 Deployment Models of Cloud

1. Public Cloud

  • Services provided over the public Internet

  • Owned by third-party providers

  • Example: Google Cloud, AWS

Advantages:

  • Low cost

  • High scalability

Disadvantages:

  • Less control over data

2. Private Cloud

  • Cloud infrastructure dedicated to one organization

  • More secure and controlled

Advantages:

  • High security

  • Customization

Disadvantages:

  • High cost

3. Hybrid Cloud

  • Combination of public and private cloud

  • Data shared between them

Advantages:

  • Flexibility

  • Balanced cost and security

4. Community Cloud

  • Shared by multiple organizations

  • Common objectives

3.2 Service Models of Cloud

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

  • Provides virtual machines, storage, and networking

  • User controls operating system and applications

Example: AWS EC2

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

  • Provides platform for application development

  • No need to manage hardware

Example: Google App Engine

3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

  • Software delivered through Internet

  • No installation required

Example: Gmail, Google Docs

4. Resources Available in Cloud

Cloud provides various resources that users can access.

4.1 Storage Resources

  • Cloud storage for files and data

  • Example: Google Drive, OneDrive

4.2 Computing Resources

  • Virtual machines

  • Processing power (CPU, RAM)

4.3 Networking Resources

  • Virtual networks

  • Load balancers

  • Firewalls

4.4 Databases

  • Cloud-based databases

  • Example: Amazon RDS

4.5 Software and Applications

  • Email services

  • Office applications

  • ERP software

4.6 Development Tools

  • IDEs

  • Testing tools

  • Deployment tools

5. Introduction to Application Development Life Cycle

5.1 Meaning of ADLC

The Application Development Life Cycle (ADLC) is a step-by-step process used to develop software or applications in a systematic and organized manner.

It defines:

  • How applications are planned

  • How they are designed

  • How they are developed

  • How they are tested

  • How they are maintained

6. Phases of Application Development Life Cycle

The ADLC consists of six main phases.

6.1 Phase 1 – Requirement Analysis

Description

  • Understanding user requirements

  • Gathering information about application needs

Activities

  • User interviews

  • Requirement documentation

  • Feasibility study

Roles Involved

  • Business Analyst

  • Client

  • Project Manager

7. Phases of Application Development Life Cycle

The ADLC consists of six main phases.

7.1 Phase 1 – Requirement Analysis

Description

  • Understanding user requirements

  • Gathering information about application needs

Activities

  • User interviews

  • Requirement documentation

  • Feasibility study

Roles Involved

  • Business Analyst
    Client
    Project Manager

7.2 Phase 2 – System Design

Description

  • Planning the structure of the application

Activities

  • Designing user interface

  • Database design

  • System architecture

Roles Involved

  • System Designer

  • Architect

  • Senior Developers

7.3 Phase 3 – Development (Coding)

Description

  • Actual coding of application

Activities

  • Writing program code

  • Using programming languages

  • Version control

Roles Involved

  • Software Developers

  • Programmers

7.4 Phase 4 – Testing

Description

  • Checking application for errors and bugs

Activities

  • Unit testing

  • Integration testing

  • System testing

Roles Involved

  • Test Engineers

  • Quality Assurance (QA) Team

7.5 Phase 5 – Deployment

Description

  • Application is released for use

Activities

  • Installation

  • Configuration

  • User training

Roles Involved

  • Deployment Engineer

  • System Administrator

7.6 Phase 6 – Maintenance

Description

  • Ongoing support and updates

Activities

  • Bug fixing

  • Performance improvement

  • Feature updates

Roles Involved

  • Support Team

  • Maintenance Engineers

8. Importance of ADLC

  • Improves software quality

  • Reduces development cost

  • Ensures timely delivery

  • Provides clear structure

  • Reduces risk

9. Relation between Cloud Computing and ADLC

  • Cloud platforms support application development

  • Cloud provides testing and deployment tools

  • Reduces infrastructure cost

MCQ Questions (50) – CBT Exam Pattern

1. Cloud computing uses:

A) Local computer
B) Internet
C) Printer
D) Scanner
Ans: B

2. Cloud allows access to data:

A) Offline only
B) Anywhere
C) Only office
D) Only home
Ans: B

3. Google Drive is an example of:

A) Hardware
B) Cloud storage
C) Antivirus
D) OS
Ans: B

4. Pay-as-you-use means:

A) Fixed cost
B) Pay for usage
C) Free service
D) No payment
Ans: B

5. Which is NOT a cloud benefit?

A) Scalability
B) High cost hardware
C) Accessibility
D) Backup
Ans: B

6. Public cloud is owned by:

A) User
B) Government
C) Third-party provider
D) Private company only
Ans: C

7. Private cloud is best for:

A) Security
B) Low cost
C) Public use
D) Gaming
Ans: A

8. Hybrid cloud is a mix of:

A) LAN and WAN
B) Public and Private
C) Hardware and software
D) OS and apps
Ans: B

9. IaaS provides:

A) Software only
B) Platform only
C) Infrastructure
D) Database only
Ans: C

10. Gmail is an example of:

A) IaaS
B) PaaS
C) SaaS
D) DBaaS
Ans: C

11. Cloud storage stores:

A) Hardware
B) Data
C) Printer
D) Cable
Ans: B

12. Virtual machines are part of:

A) Storage
B) Computing resources
C) Software
D) Printer
Ans: B

13. Cloud networking includes:

A) Firewall
B) Load balancer
C) Virtual network
D) All of the above
Ans: D

14. ADLC stands for:

A) Application Data Life Cycle
B) Application Development Life Cycle
C) Advanced Development Logic Control
D) Automated Design Life Cycle
Ans: B

15. First phase of ADLC is:

A) Design
B) Testing
C) Requirement analysis
D) Coding
Ans: C

16. Requirement analysis involves:

A) Coding
B) Testing
C) Understanding user needs
D) Deployment
Ans: C

17. System design phase defines:

A) Bugs
B) Structure
C) Payment
D) Marketing
Ans: B

18. Coding is done in:

A) Design phase
B) Development phase
C) Testing phase
D) Maintenance phase
Ans: B

19. Testing phase checks:

A) Speed only
B) Errors
C) Cost
D) Hardware
Ans: B

20. Deployment means:

A) Writing code
B) Installing application
C) Designing UI
D) Testing
Ans: B

21. Maintenance phase includes:

A) Bug fixing
B) Updates
C) Support
D) All of the above
Ans: D

22. Developer role is mainly in:

A) Requirement phase
B) Development phase
C) Deployment phase
D) Audit phase
Ans: B

23. QA team works in:

A) Coding
B) Testing
C) Deployment
D) Maintenance
Ans: B

24. Cloud helps ADLC by:

A) Increasing cost
B) Providing tools
C) Removing testing
D) Delaying deployment
Ans: B

25. Cloud computing reduces:

A) Flexibility
B) Cost
C) Security
D) Speed
Ans: B

26. SaaS users do not need to:

A) Use internet
B) Install software
C) Login
D) Pay
Ans: B

27. Which cloud model offers highest control?

A) Public
B) Private
C) Hybrid
D) Community
Ans: B

28. Resource pooling means:

A) Separate resources
B) Shared resources
C) Fixed resources
D) Offline resources
Ans: B

29. Rapid elasticity means:

A) Slow scaling
B) Fixed size
C) Easy scaling
D) No scaling
Ans: C

30. Measured service refers to:

A) Free service
B) Pay per use
C) Unlimited use
D) No billing
Ans: B

31. Cloud backup helps in:

A) Data loss
B) Data recovery
C) Data theft
D) Data corruption
Ans: B

32. Collaboration in cloud means:

A) Single user work
B) Multiple users work together
C) Offline work
D) No sharing
Ans: B

33. Application life cycle ensures:

A) Random development
B) Structured development
C) No planning
D) No testing
Ans: B

34. Project manager is involved in:

A) Requirement phase
B) Design phase
C) All phases
D) Maintenance only
Ans: C

35. System administrator works mainly in:

A) Deployment
B) Coding
C) Testing
D) Analysis
Ans: A

36. Cloud computing supports:

A) Digital India
B) Manual records
C) Offline services
D) Typewriters
Ans: A

37. Community cloud is shared by:

A) One user
B) One company
C) Multiple organizations
D) Public
Ans: C

38. Database in cloud is an example of:

A) Hardware
B) Resource
C) Malware
D) Threat
Ans: B

39. ADLC reduces:

A) Software quality
B) Risk
C) Security
D) Control
Ans: B

40. Application updates are part of:

A) Testing
B) Maintenance
C) Deployment
D) Design
Ans: B

41. Cloud development tools help in:

A) Coding
B) Testing
C) Deployment
D) All of the above
Ans: D

42. Cloud users need:

A) Internet connection
B) Printer
C) Scanner
D) Cable
Ans: A

43. Cloud computing is useful for:

A) Students
B) Business
C) Government
D) All of the above
Ans: D

44. Application testing ensures:

A) Security
B) Correct working
C) Fast internet
D) Backup
Ans: B

45. ADLC improves:

A) Cost only
B) Quality only
C) Efficiency and quality
D) Delay
Ans: C

46. Cloud service provider example is:

A) Google
B) AWS
C) Microsoft Azure
D) All of the above
Ans: D

47. Virtualization is related to:

A) Cloud
B) Printer
C) Scanner
D) Keyboard
Ans: A

48. Cloud enables remote work because of:

A) Internet access
B) Hardware
C) Printer
D) UPS
Ans: A

49. ADLC phases are:

A) Optional
B) Fixed and systematic
C) Random
D) Ignored
Ans: B

50. Cloud computing is future technology because:

A) Cost saving
B) Scalability
C) Flexibility
D) All of the above
Ans: D

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ITI (Trade - COPA) Day-23

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